Synthetic resin molding compositions containing n-alkylgluconamides

ABSTRACT

USE OF N-ALKYLGLUCONAMIDES OF THE FORMULA:   R-NHCO(CHOH)4CH2OH   WHEREIN R IS AN ALKYL GROUP HAVING 1 TO 24 CARBON ATOMS AS AN ADDITIVE FOR MOLDING SYNTHETIC RESINS, ESPECIALLY AS A LUBRICANT FOR THERMOPLASTIC RESIN, A RELEASING AGENT FOR THERMOSETTING RESIN, AND AN ANTISTATIC AGENT FOR BOTH RESINS, AND RESINOUS COMPOSITIONS FOR MOLDING CONTAINING THE SAID N-ALKYLGLUCONAMIDE.

United States Patent US. Cl. 260-32.6 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Use of N-alkylgluconamides of the formula:

RNHOO (CHOH CH OH wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms as an additive for molding synthetic resins, especially as a lubricant for thermoplastic resin, a releasing agent for thermosetting resin, and an antistatic agent for both resins, and resinous compositions for molding containing the said N-alkylgluconamide.

The present invention relates to a novel additive useful for molding synthetic resins, and particularly to an additive capable of bringing about excellent effects in molding thermoplastic resins.

Hitherto, it is well known that, in the operation of molding of thermoplastic resins, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (hereinafter referred to as ABS resin), and the like, a lubricant is employed for the purpose of increasing the fluidity of resins to make easy its workability and improving the finishing of molds. As such a lubricant there are known, for example, stearic acid, stearic amide, Z-inc stearate, lead stearate, barium stearate, cadmium stearate, stearyl alco hol, and the like. However, some of them have not enough lubricating effects and others have not satisfactory compatibility with resins, they can not be, therefore, necessarily satisfied.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel additive useful for molding synthetic resins having excellent properties.

Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant useful for molding synthetic resins having excellent properties.

Further object of the invention is to provide a lubricant capable of increasing the fluidity of resins to elevate their workability and improving the finishing of molds.

More further object of the invention is to provide a lubricant which has excellent compatibility with synthetic resins and can improve the thermostability of resins.

Still further object of the invention is to provide a synthetic resin composition containing the said additive.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following disclosure.

The above-mentioned objects have now been accomplished by the use of N-alkylgluconamides as an additive for molding synthetic resins; the said N-alkylgluconamides being represented by the general formula:

RNHCO (CHOH) CH OH wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.

The said N-alkylgluconamides have the following advantages in comparison with conventional lubricants of aliphatic acid amide type, such as stearic amide. They have an excellent eflect for improving the thermostability of resins, excellent lubricating effect, excellent compatibility with synthetic resins, and have large permissibility to be blended with other additives. Therefore, in case they are mixed with thermoplastic resins, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, ABS resin, and the like in the molding of them, the fluidity of resins is extremely smooth; the occurrence of heat by friction within a molding machine is very few; the period to a constant torque is shorter; the temperature of resins in a constant state is lower; the period to the decomposition point of resins is longer; the softening point-dropping ratio of resins is smaller; resinous composition containing the additive is preferably applied for vacuum forming because of its excellent expansibility; and the releasing of mold after molding is very good. By the use of the novel additive in carrying out the molding of thermoplastic resins, hence, the fluidity of resins can be increased and their workability can be elevated, and further the finishing of molds can be improved; that is, the obtained molds have smooth surface without any fish eye or die line, and have good glossiness and clearness. To be interested, the additive gives antistatic property to synthetic resins.

The additive of the present invention can be added not only to thermoplastic resins but also to thermosetting resins. By the addition of the additive to thermosetting resins, the releasing of molds after curing can be extremely improved. The obtained molds have excellent glossiness, and their colored articles have profound color. Of course, they have good antistatic property. The application of the additive to thermosetting resins is carried out by adding the additive to precondensates of thermosetting resins and then curing the composition thus obtained. In that case, the additive may also behave as a curing accelerator.

Therefore, the additive of the present invention can be employed as a lubricant for thermoplastic resin, a releasing agent for thermosetting resin, and an antistatic agent for both resins.

The additive employed in the invention is N-alkylgluconamides represented by the general formula:

In the above general formula R is an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, being straight or branched. In case of the alkyl group having extremely smaller carbon atoms it tends to decrease the fluidity of resins; and in case of extremely larger carbon atoms it tends to decrease the compatibility of the additive and resins. Therefore, the number of the carbon atom is preferably 8 to 20, especially 12 to 18.

N-alkylgluconamides in which carbon numbers of the alkyl group are 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 have been already known by the description in The Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, Vol. 29, pages 202-7 (1952), but the others are novel compounds. All of the novel compounds may be prepared by the same manner as described in the literature. As examples of N-alkylgluconamides there are N-ethylgluconamide, N-propylgluconamide, N-butylgluconamide, N-pentylgluconamide, N- hexylgluconamide, N-heptylgluconamide, 'N-octylgluconamide, N-nonylgluconamide, N-decylgluconamide, N-undecylgluconamide, N-dodecylgluconamide, N-tridecylgluconamide, N-tetradecylgluconamide, N-pentadecylgluconamide, N-hexadecylgluconamide, N-heptadecylgluconamide, N-octadecylgluconamide, N-nonadecylgluconamide, N-eicosylgluconamide, N-heneicosylglucon amide, N-decosylgluconamide, and N-tricosylgluconamide.

On the other hand, as the synthetic resin there are thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins. Examples of the said thermoplastic resin are polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, poly(acrylonitrilestyrene), poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene), ABS resin, acryllic resin, methacrylic resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, Rheological Properties with Koka Flow Tester published poly(ethylene-propylene), poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate), by Maruzen C0., Ltd. (1958).

polyfluorocarbon, polyamide, polycarbonate, and the like. The test results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Second Composition (part) 1 5 Examplel ABS resin (50), N-stearyl- 0.8 1.5 2.7 3.9 5.4 7.4 12.1

gluconamide (1), mm.

Controll ABS resin,mm 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.2 3.0 4.1 Coutrol2 ABS resin (50),stearic 0.7 1.1 1.8 2.5 3.3 4.4 6.0

amide 1 mm.

A kind of N -oetadecylglueonamide.

v 0 1 1 Examples of the said thermosettmg resin are phenolic EXAMPLE2 resin, urea resin, melamine resin, guanamine resin, and Each composition shown in Table 2 was kneaded by a the like. mlxing roll at 170 C. for 2 minutes and treated in the same manner as described in Example 1, and then the downward travel of plunger was measured.

In the addition of the N-alkylgluconamides to these a synthetic resins there may be optionally employed one or more kinds of the N-alkylgluconamide. The ratio to be The test results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Second Composition (part) 4 20 40 60 80 100 120 Example 2 Polymethyl methacry- 0.4 0.8 1.0 2.9 4.9 7.2 10.3

late (100), N-stearylglueonarnide (1.5), mm.

Control3 Polymethyl methacry- 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.5 2.7 4.5 0.4

late, mm.

combined is varied with kinds of resins and means for EXAMPLE 3 molding; and it is generally selected from the range of 0.01 to 20% by weight to the resin employed, preferably The procedure in Example 1 was repeated except that 0.1 to 10% by weight. each composition shown in Table 3 was employed instead As a means for molding the resinous composition in of the compositions shown in Table l.

which N-alkylgluconamide is combined, there may be em- The test results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Second Composition (part) 1 2 3 4 Example 3-.-- Polyvinyl chloride dioctyl phthalate (25),

cadmium stearate (0.25), lead stearate (0.25), N-

1 After 0.2 second.

ployed conventional methods, e.g. extrusion, injection EXAMPLE 4 molding, compression molding, and the like. In these cases, to the resinous composition there may be option- 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 2.5 parts of dibutyl-tinally added various other additives such as plasticizer, maleate and 1.0 part of dibutyl-tin-laurate were mixed by stabilizer, coloring agent, filler, and releasing agent. Fura mixer at 100 C. for 10 minutes, and then the resultant thermore, conventional lubricants may be optionally composition was cooled and taken out of the mixer. To

dd d, the compositions was combined one part of N-stearyl- The following examples serve to illustrate the various gluconamide' Thus Obtained mp i i n Was plasteembodiments of the present invention. In examples, all of g p t0 give each test results Shown in T l 4- parts mean parts by weight. The test condition in plastography is as follows:

EXAMPLE 1 Capacity: 50 cc.

Rotation: 50 r.p.m. Temperature: 180 C. Pre-heating: 2 minutes (and then immediately the test was started) Each composition shown in Table 1 was kneaded by a mixing roll at 180 C. for 2 minutes, introduced into the piston part of a Koka flow tester and then heated. When the temperature was elevated to 200 C., the nozzle-sluice of the flow tester was opened to measure the downward Besides, as Control 5 the procedure in Example 4 was travel of plunger. repeated except that the use of N-stearylgluconamide was The detailed explanation of Koka flow tester is deomitted.

scribed in Teikichi Arais A Guide to the Testing of The test results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Torque (kg-m.)

QMG

Example 4 3. 32 2. 90 170 189 6.

Control 5 3. 50 3. 03 186 195 9. 5

No'rE.Tc= Period (min.) which resin reaches to constant torque value; QMc=Temperature C.) in constant state; Ms=Maximum torque (kg.-m.).

EXAMPLE 5 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 2.5 parts of dibutyl-tinmaleate and 1.0 part of dibutyl-tin-laurate were mixed by a mixer at 100 C. for minutes. The mixture was cooled and taken out of the mixer. To the resultant mixture were uniformly combined 0.5 part of N-stearylgluconamide and 0.5 part of butyl stearate being an already known lubricant. Thus obtained composition was plasto graphed to give each test result shown in Table 5.

As Control 6 the procedure in Example 5 was repeated except that the use of N-stearylgluconamide was omitted.

As Control 7 the procedure in Example 5 was repeated except that 0.5 part of butyl stearate was employed instead of N-stearylgluconamide.

The test results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 To (min.) M (kg.-m.)

Example 5 17. 0 6. 60 883539::::::::::::::::::: it? 3:23

NOTE.TD=Peri0d (min.) which resin reaches to its decomposition point.

From the results in the above-mentioned examples, it is understood that the molding compositions of thermoplastic resin, containing the lubricant of the invention, have large downward travel of plunger, low torque and good fluidity. Besides, they have short period which resins reach to their constant torque; low temperature in their constant state; and long period which resins reach to their decomposition point.

EXAMPLE 6 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, parts of dioctyl phthalate, 1.5 parts of cadmium stearate and 1.5 parts of lead stearate were mixed at 80 C. by a Henschel mixer and then cooled. To the resultant composition was added each N-alkylgluconamide of which alkyl group is as shown in Table 6. Thus obtained resinous composition was plastographed to know the influence to thermostability, torque in compression and gellation period by the lubricants employed.

The test condition in plastography is as follows:

Rotation: 30 r.p.m. Temperature: 190 C.

NOTE.TF=P6ll0d which resin is decomposed; QF=Decomposition temperature; Tn=Period which resin reaches to constant state; T Period which resin reaches to gellation state; Mn=Torque in gellation state; ME=Torque in constant state; =Inferior to blank test; -t==No change; to +++=Superior to blank test.

EXAMPLE 7 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 50 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 0.5 part of cadmium stearate, 0.5 part of zinc stearate and 1.0 or 1.5 parts of N-stearylgluconamide were kneaded at to C. by a mixing roll, and then subjecged to compression molding at 170 to C. to give a 1m.

-As a control the procedure in Example 7 was repeated except that ethylene-bis-stearoamide was employed instead of N-stearylgluconamide.

The tensile strength and the rate of elongation of these films were measured. The tensile velocity was 200 mrn./ min.

The test results are shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Tensile Rate of strength elogation (percent) EXAMPLE 8 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 50 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 1.0 part of cadmium stearate, 1.5 parts of barium stearate and 0.5 part of N-stearylgluconamide Were kneaded and then molded to give a plate.

As a Control the procedure in Example 8 was repeated except that ethylene-bis-stearoamide was employed instead of N-stearylgluconamide.

The specific resistances on surface of the plates thus obtained are shown in Table 8.

Table 8 SPECIFIC RESISTANCE (OHMS) Example 8 3.7 10 Control 2.1 X 10 Blank 2.8 X 10 EXAMPLE 9 The films obtained in Example 7 and control thereof were impressed by high voltage, and their antistatic property was measured based on decreasing of the charge value. The measurement was carried out in an air-conditioned room maintained at 20 C. and 72% RH.

The test results are shown in Table 9.

I 65 TABLE 9 Minute Example 9, kv 8.00 1. 04 0 70 Control, kv 7. 60 5.72 4. 52 3.02 2.17 Blank, kV 7.00 5.30 4.19 2.68 1.66

In Examples 10 to 16 there are shown several recipes of molding compositions of synthetic resins, containing N- stearylgluconamide of the invention.

7 EXAMPLE 10 Parts Polyvinyl chloride 100 Dioctyl phthalate 35 Epoxy resin Cadmium stearate 0.5 Barium stearate 0.5 N-stearylgluconamide 1 Phenylsalicylate 0.5

They were uniformly mixed to give a resinous composition.

EXAMPLE 11 Parts Polyethylene 100 N-Decylgluconamide 0.5 Titanium oxide 2 Strontium chromate 0.5

EXAMPLE 12 They were uniformly mixed to give a resinous composition.

Parts N-hexadecylgluconamide 0.3 Polystyrene 100 They were uniformly mixed to give a resinous composition.

EXAMPLE 13 Parts ABS resin 100 N-tetradecylgluconamide 2 Talc Strontium chromate 0.5

They were uniformly mixed to give a resinous composition.

EXAMPLE 14 Parts Polyvinylidene chloride 100 Di-isooctyl phthalate 40 N-dodecylgluconamide 1.5

Phenylsalicylate 0.5

They were uniformly mixed to give a resinous composition.

EXAMPLE 15 Parts Polyvinyl chloride 100 Dibutyl-tin-mercaptide 2 Cadmium stearate 0.5 N-(Z-ethylhexyl)gluconamide V 1.5 Titanium oxide 5 Strontium chromate 0.5

They were uniformly mixed to give a resinous composition.

EXAMPLE 16 Parts Poly(methylmethacrylate) 100 N-nonylgluconamide 2 They were uniformly mixed to give a resinous composition.

EXAMPLE 17 70 parts of pre-condensate from urea and formaldehyde and 30 parts of pulp were mixed, dried, and then crushed to give compounds. To the compounds were combined 0.05 part of acidic curing agent and optional amounts of N-stearylgluconamide. The resultant was treated by a Koka flow tester having 0.5 mm. :15 nozzle to measure its fiow velocity (cmfi/ sec.)

As a control the procedure in Example 17 was repeated except that stearic acid was employed instead of N-stearylgluconamide.

The test results are shown in Table 10.

The ureaformaldehyde resins obtained in Example 17 were subjected to bending strength test. The test was carried out according to the provision of I IS K 6,911.

Temperature: 20 C. Bending velocity: 0.5 mm./min.

The test results are shown in Table 11.

TABLE 11 Amounts of N-stearyl- Bending strength gluconamide (part): (kg/mm?) 0 11.930 0.5 9.670 1.0 8.650 Addition of stearic acid (0.4 part) 7.410

EXAMPLE 19 A mixture of 1 mole of melamine, 2.8 moles of 37% formalin (pH 8) and hexamethylenetetramine (5% by weight to the amounts of melamine) were heated at C. for 30 minutes to give a precondensate.

60 parts of the pre-condensate and 40 parts of pulp were mixed, dried, and then crushed to result in com pounds.

To the compounds was combined N-stearyl-gluconamide (0.5 or 1.0% by weight to the amounts of melamine).

To know the fluidity of the resultant composition, it was compressed between two plates which surfaces were plated with chromium, at C. under 50 kg./cm. for 1 minute to give disks.

As a control the procedure in Example 19 was repeated except that a mixture of zinc stearate (1% by weight to the amounts of melamine) and aluminum stearate (1% by weight to the amounts of melamine) was employed instead of N-stearylgluconamide.

The diameter of glossy area and the bending strength of the disks were measured.

The test results were shown in Table 12.

As a control the procedure in Example 20 was repeated except that one part of zinc stearate was employed instead of N-stearylgluconamide.

The test results are shown in Table 13.

TABLE 13 Rate of Water shrinking Insulation content by molding resistance (percent) (percent) (meg. ohm) N-stearylglueonamlde 0. 7 0. 67 7. X10 Zinc stearate 0.8 0. 6i 1. 1 10 In the preparation of the shaped article containing N- stearylgluconamide, the gas-escaping and the releasing are of no problem. The surface of the article has excellent glossiness and no clouding.

EXAMPLE 21 A phenol-formaldehyde resin having the following recipe was molded.

Parts Pro-condensate 47.5 Pulp 48.5 Curing agent 2.5 N-stearylgluconamide 1.0 Coloring agent Several amounts EXAMPLE 22 A melamine-formaldehyde resin having the following recipe was molded.

Parts Pre-condensate 60 Pulp 35 Zinc steal-ate 0.6 N-stearylgluconamide 0.4 Coloring agent Several amounts What we claim is:

1. A resinous composition for molding which essentially comprises at least one thermosetting resin and an N- alkylgluconamide represented by the general formula:

10 wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.

2. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which R is an alkyl group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.

3. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which R is an alkyl group having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.

4. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which the N- alkylgluconamide is N-octadecylgluconamide.

5. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which the N-alkylgluconamide is employed in the ratio of from 0.01 to 20 parts by weight to parts by weight of the thermosetting resin.

6. A composition as defined in claim 1 in which the thermosetting resin is selected from the group consisting of phenolic resin, urea resin, melamine resin and guanamine resin.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,662,073 12/ 1953 Mehltretter 260-561 B 2,729,860 1/ 1956 Balkin 260Antistatic Dig. 2,923,738 2/ 1960 Williams 260Antistatic Dig. 2,958,665 11/ 1960 Stefcik 20Antistatic Dig. 3,386,871 6/ 1968 Dulin 260-326 FOREIGN PATENTS 809,060 2/ 1959 Great Britain.

MORRIS LIEBMAN, Primary Examiner P. R. MICHL, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

26032.6 A, 32.6 N, 32.6 PQ, 561 B, Dig. l5 

